Work out by ear how to play tunes or accompaniments in straightforward keys or modes

With drum kit or other untuned percussion, encourage learners to build up by ear a repertoire of rhythms/grooves, e.g. rock, blues, Latin, jazz, country and western.

With pitched percussion:

• ask learners to work out by ear familiar tunes that are more challenging, e.g. longer, larger range, perhaps including some chromatic notes
• introduce learners to different modes, scales, blues patterns, etc. Ask them to experiment with various starting notes and to work out the key, structure, etc.